• To provide students with a general overview of the relevance of gender to the study of peace and conflict resolution and of the main bodies of literature and other resources available in this area
• To highlight the relationship between the academic study of gender and its workings in the ‘real world’ 
• To assist students who seek to develop to turn feminist theory and gender studies into one of their areas of expertise and concentration

Although this is a graduate seminar, you are expected to attend all classes. No-attendance or late appearances will be excused only if you contact me before class. Three or more unexcused absences or a pattern of late appearances may be grounds for a failing grade in the course. In addition to regular attendance, my assessment of your class participation will not be based merely on how many times you spoke in class. I am aware that people have different styles of expression and levels of comfort with speaking in a group. To allow less vocal students an opportunity to express themselves, I will occasionally ask for your written feedback about the readings and/or class discussions. You will be given the option to post your reactions on the course’s electronic listserve or to simply hand them in to me. 
 

2.  Critical review of Scholarly Journals: 15%

Your task would be to examine all the articles on gender and conflict published in the past decade in a feminist journal and do the same for a peace/conflict resolution or international politics journal. Based on your examination of these journals, you are to write an essay comparing the state of gender-related research in peace and conflict resolution studies to women’s studies (broadly defined). Your essay should address the following questions: 

1. Has there been a change in the amount and nature of research on gender published in the past decade? 
2.  Can you draw any conclusions about the kinds of articles on gender that seem to get published and the type of journals that seem more or less receptive to work on gender? 
3.  Are there any recurrent themes or issues that emerge in the published research?

List of  feminist journals: 

Women & Politics 
Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Politics 
Women's Studies International Forum 
Gender & Society 
NSWA Journal (A publication of the Women's Studies Association) 
Feminist Studies 
Feminist Issues 
Feminist Review 
Differences: A Journal of Feminist Cultural Studies 
Gender & History 
Journal of Gender Studies 
Journal of Women's History 
 

List of peace, conflict resolution and international politics journals: 

American Political Science Review 
British Journal of International Studies 
Bulleting of Peace Proposals 
Conflict Studies 
Cooperation and Conflict 
Foreign Affairs 
Foreign Policy 
Journal of Conflict Resolution 
Journal of Peace Research 
International Studies Quarterly 
Peace and Change 
Peace Review 
Political Psychology 
World Politics 
 
 3. Group project: 25%  

The objective of this assignment is to give you an extra incentive to familiarize yourself with the background to the three conflicts explored in this course with particular attention to the interplay between gender and politics. 

You will be divided into groups of 4-5 students with each group focusing on one conflict. The assignment has three parts: 

Part 1 involves the preparation of an up to date chronology of the conflict and an analysis of 

the conflict. Please be sure to answer the following questions: 

(1) What are the major turning points in the history of this conflict? 

(2) Who are the main parties to the conflict? 

(3) What are their positions on the conflict, its history, current dynamics and its resolution? What is considered the preferred resolution for various parties? 

(4)What according to the parties are the main issues or problems involved in the conflict? Can you identify patterns of similarity and difference in the parties' perceptions and definitions of the issues involved? 

(5) What are the major points of contention between the parties? Are there any points of agreement? 

(6) How would you describe the relationship between the parties? (pay particular attention to differences and similarities in power, culture and other dynamics of identity as well as to the transformation of the relationship over time). 

(7) Have there been attempts to resolve the conflict in the past or in the present? 

(8) Who played the role of third party and what were the objectives of those interventions? 

(9) What are your ideas for a successful intervention designed to resolve the conflict? (who should be the third party? what type of intervention? when? where? etc.). 

Based on your report, which should consist of 4-5 typed and double-spaced pages, you are expected to make a brief class presentation (10-15 minutes) and lead discussion about the conflict you examined. Due Sep. 23 

Part 2 involves the preparation of an annotated list of web-sites on the conflict with a particular (but not exclusive) emphasis on sites dealing with gender issues. Your list should consist of the site’s name, the correct address (for example: http://www.cnn.com) and a brief description (no more than 2 sentences of the particular site). Your list should include at least 12 sites. Due Sep. 24. 

With your permission, I would like to post the results of these assignments on the course’s web page. 

Part 3: Building upon your careful examination of the conflict, you are now faced with the challenge of communicating what you have learned to others. Rather than another theoretical presentation, your task is to prepare a brief (10-15 minutes) audio-taped radio program focusing on the interplay between gender and conflict with particular attention to the transformations that may occur in gender identities and roles after peace agreements are signed. Please note that since your program should be designed for a general audience, you must provide people with some basic information about the conflict. Due Nov. 24. 
 

4.  DC-Activism Report: 10% 

This assignment is designed especially for those of you who wish to focus your theses or SRPs on gender, war and peace. You will receive detailed instructions and personal supervision designed to enable you to conduct original research and write a solid research paper that could serve as the basis for your SRP or thesis. 

• Rough draft due Nov. 19 
• Final paper due Dec. 10 

Begonia Aretxaga, Shattering Silence: Women, Nationalism, and Political Subjectivity in Northern Ireland. Princeton University Press, 1997. 

Jacklyn Cock, Women and War in South Africa, Cleveland, OH: The Pilgrim Press, 1993. 

Simona Sharoni, Gender and the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: The Politics of Women's Resistance. Syracuse University Press, 1995. 

Cynthia Enloe, The Morning After: Sexual Politics at the End of the Cold War, California University Press, 1993. 

Jan Jindy Pettman, Worlding Women: A Feminist International Politics, Routledge, 1996. 

Selected articles (packet to be distributed in class)

2. Sep. 10 Feminist Theory and Gender Studies for Beginners 

Joan W. Scott, "Gender: A Useful Category of Historical Analysis," in Elizabeth Weed ed. Coming To Terms: Feminism, Theory, Politics (New York: Routledge, 1989), pp. 81-100. (reading packet) 
R. W. Connell, "Gender as a Structure of Social Practice", in Linda McDowell and Joanne Sharp, eds. Space, Gender, Knowledge: Feminist Readings (London: Arnold, 1997), pp. 44-52. (reading packet) 
Donna Haraway, "Situated Knowledges: The Science Question in Feminism and the Privilege of Partial Perspective", in Linda McDowell and Joanne Sharp, eds. Space, Gender, Knowledge: Feminist Readings (London: Arnold, 1997), pp.53-72. (reading packet)

Cynthia Enloe, "Gender Makes the World Go Round", in Linda McDowell and Joanne Sharp, eds. Space, Gender, Knowledge: Feminist Readings (London: Arnold, 1997), pp. 447-458 (reading packet). 
Simona Sharoni, "Towards Feminist Theorizing in Conflict Resolution" (reading packet). 
Enloe, pp. 161-200 
Pettman, pp. 3-84.

4. Sep. 22 (Tue.) Analyzing conflicts from a peace and conflict resolution perspective 

Cock, pp. 1-25, 213-228 
Aretxaga, pp. 3-23 
Simona Sharoni & Mohammed Abu-Nimer, "The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: Analysis and Prospects for Resolution", in Understanding the Contemporary Middle East, ed. Deborah Gerner, Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Press (in press) (reading packet). 

Cock, pp. 26-53 
Aretxaga, 24-79 
Sharoni, pp. 1-30 
 

6. Oct. 6 (Tue.) Women and Peace 

Linda Forcey, "Women as Peacemakers: Contested Terrain for Feminist Peace", Peace & Change, Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 331-354. (reading packet). 
Lynne Woehrle, "Feminist Debates about Nonviolence", in V.K. Kool, ed. Nonviolence: Social and Psychological Issues (Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1993) (reading packet). 
Pettman, pp. 107-125

Cock, pp. 95-148, 186-212 
Enloe, pp. 201-227 
Pettman, pp. 126-156 
Christine Sylvester, "Patriarchy, Peace and Women Warriors", in Linda Rennie Forcey ed. Peace: Meanings, Politics, Strategies, (New York: Praeger, 1989) (reading packet) 
 

Enloe, pp. 10-37, 71-101 and 142-160. 
Cock, pp. 54-94 
Pettman, pp. 87-106 
Steve Niva, "Tough and Tender: New World Order Masculinity and the Gulf War", in Marysia Zalewski and Jane Parpart eds. The "Man" Question in International Relations (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1988), pp. 109-128. (reading packet). 
 

Enloe, 142-160 
Simona Sharoni, "Homefront as Battlefield: Gender, Military Occupation and Violence Against Women." In Women and the Israeli Occupation: The Politics of Change, ed. Tamar Mayer. London and New York: Routledge, 1994, pp. 121-37.

10. Oct. 21 (Wed.) Gender and Nationalism 

Enloe, 228-251 
Sharoni, pp. 31-55 
Nira Yuval Davis, "Gender and Nation", in Linda McDowell and Joanne Sharp, eds. Space, Gender, Knowledge: Feminist Readings (London: Arnold, 1997), pp. 403-408. (reading packet). 
Ann Mclintock, "No Longer in a Future Haven: Gender, Race and Nationalism", in Linda McDowell and Joanne Sharp, eds. Space, Gender, Knowledge: Feminist Readings (London: Arnold, 1997), pp. 409-425. (reading packet)

Margaret Randall, "Women in Revolutinary Movements: Cuba and Nicaragua", in Women in World Politics: An Introduction (Westport, CT: Bergin & Garvey, 1995), pp.183-198. (reading packet).

Simona Sharoni, "Middle East Politics through Feminist Lenses: Toward Theorizing International Relations from Women’s Struggles", in Linda McDowell and Joanne Sharp, eds. Space, Gender, Knowledge: Feminist Readings (London: Arnold, 1997), pp. 425-445. (reading packet).

Aretxaga, pp. 80-145 
Sharoni, pp. 31-110 
Cock, pp. 149-185

12. Nov. 19 The Potential and Pitfalls of Transnational Alliances and Solidarities 

Chandra Talpade Mohanty, "Feminist Encounters: Locating the Politics of Experience", in Linda McDowell and Joanne Sharp, eds. Space, Gender, Knowledge: Feminist Readings (London: Arnold, 1997), pp. 82-97(reading packet) 

Deborah Stienstra, "Organizing for Change: International Women’s Movements and World Politics", in Francine D’Amico and Peter Beckman eds. Women in World Politics: An Introduction (Westport, CT: Bergin & Garvey, 1995), pp. 143-154. (reading packet)

Sharoni, pp. 110-130 

Eilish Rooney, "Political Division, Practical Alliance: Problems for Women in Conflict", Journal of Women’s History, Vol. 6, No. 4 (Winter/Spring 1995), pp. 40-48. 

13. Nov. 24 (Tue.) The Morning After: Making Feminist Sense of Peace Agreements and their Aftermath 

Enloe, pp. 38-70, 102-141, 252-262 
Aretxaga, pp. 146-175 
Sharoni, "Peace as Identity Crisis: Gender and Political Change in Israel/Palestine and the North of Ireland", Millennium: Journal of International Politics (under review) (reading packet)

14. Dec. 3 Future Directions in the study of gender and international conflict 

Women's International Center 
Virtual Sisterhood 
Inform--Women's Studies Archive at the University of Maryland 
University of Wisconsin Women's Studies Librarian Office 
Women's Resources project 
Feminism/resources 
FeMina --"Yahoo for Women" search engine 
 

Feminist/Women's Activism  
Women's Studies: Activism -- www.1.arcade.uiowa.edu/gw/wstudies/activism.html 
Feminist Activist resources on the Net: http//www.igc.org/women/feminist/html 

Women's International League for Peace and Freedom 
Greenham Common Women 
Bat Shalom: A feminist peace meavement, working for peace, democracy, and a greater inclusion of women in governmental affairs in Israel 
4Mothers: An Israeli women's group calling for a unilateral withdrawal of Israel from Southern Lebanon. 
 

History of the Women's Movement, maintained at the Univ. of Rochester 
See the Bibliography of Sources on this page maintained by the US Parks & Recreation Services 
Forefront Connect's Timeline of Women's Suffrage in the U.S. 

The National Organization for Women 
The Feminist Majority Foundation 
Women's Equity Action League 

Environment, Development  & Ecofeminism 
World Watch Institute  This page deals with gender bias in sustainable development 

Ecofeminism This page is a list of links to articles giving introductions to ecofeminist philosophy and activism. The page is written by Patricia Michaels, the Environmental Specialist of The Mining Co 

 
The Mining Company: This page maintained by Professor Cecil Marie Cancel at the Interamerican University in Puerto Rico is loaded with wonderful linkes. Consult it weekly for her "features" which present views or summaries of particular issues. 
Women in International Development Network 
 
Men's Movements  
Men's Issues: The pages here linked are sure to offend many. This person provides a different take on some controversial issues. 
The Promise Keepers: This is there official homepage. Among other things, it lists its "7 Promises," and features a "testimonial of the week." 

Backlash  
Why Read the Right: A Feminist Perspective from FAIR's Women's Desk (Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting). 
The Stolen Feminism Hoax: Anti-Feminist Attack Based on Error-Filled Anecdotes from FAIR's Women's Desk. 

United Nations 

United Nations Development Fund for Women 
UN Women Watch 
UN International Research and Training Institute for Advancement of Women 

Women for Women in Bosnia: An organization devoted to helping Bosnian women (regardless of nationality) who have been victimized by the ravages of war. 

Women in the Military by Captain Barbara A. Wilson (USAF-Ret.). This site is a wonderful resource for those interested in women in the United States military. There is information on women in each of the wars the US has fought (including the Gulf War), information and resources for veterans and more. (I especially like the recruitment posters from bygone days). Please be sure to see Captain Wilson's: 
Women in Combat: Why Not? They're in Combat Every Day!" and 
Gender Integrated Training: Separate but Equal is Idiocracy" 

Women of the World: Formal Laws and Policies Affecting their Reproductive Lives,by The Center for Law and Poicy 
The Cairo Conference (UN) on Population Policy Homepage 

Consensus in Cairo summary written by Congressional Representative Anna Eshoon (D-CA) 
The Global Reproductive Health Forum which, according to its mission statement "is an Internet Networking project that aims to encourage the proliferation of critical, Democratic discussions about reproductive health and gender on the net." The project is associated with Harvard and is facilitated by a team of doctors and public health specialists. 
The International Family Planning Perspectives Online published by the UN Family Planning Fund. 
The International Planned Parenthood Federation 
MEXFAM: The Mexican Family Planning Assocation 
Contraception and Family Planning in Zimbabwe: This is a report of the Labor and Population Program which is funded by Rand. 
World Health Organization 
Summary of Women's Health Platforms of all 4 UN World Conferences on Women 
Will India's Ban on Prenatal Tests Slow the Abortion of Girls? 
China's One Child Policy: Anomaly or Necessity? (This is a student writing for a class project which is critiqued by another student). It is included on this list not because of its theoretical sophistication, but because it presents an interesting view. 
Population, Resources, and Conflict a 1994 article appearing in the Institute for National Strategic Studies. Presents a non-neoMaltheusian view. 

Beijing Conference on Women 

Overview on the Fourth World Conference on Women 
Final Edition of the Platform forAction 
Speeches Look under "late breaking news" 
Women's Web World 
WomensNet 
The World's Women On-Line 
UN Division for Advancement of Women 
 

 Women in Political Office 

Fifty plus One An organization devoted to bringing the participation of women in U.S. political office into balance with the proportion of women in the population as a whole. 
The Mining Company's 9/15/97 feature article on "Why So Few?" 
Emily's List: A PAC dedicated to supporting the candidacies of women running for the US Congress. 
Women's PAC's (a list maintained by the Center for American Women in Politics [see below]). 
Center for American Women in Politics: This academic organization housed at Rutgers University in New Jersey is dedicated to promoting " greater understanding and knowledge about women's relationship to politics and government and to enhance women's influence and leadership in public life". See in particular, their: 
Fact Sheet on Women in Congress, 1997 
Women of Color in Elective Office 
A Collection of Articles on Women and Politics maintained by a scholar at the University of Maryland. Many of the articles are about women within the Democratic and Republican parties. See a favorite of mine, "Feminism v. Family Values" 

Women in Parliaments maintained by the Inter-Parliamentary Union. 
Commonwealth Women Parliamentarians 
Contemporary Women World Leaders 
First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton 
Biographies of Women in the US 104th Congress (Maintained by a scholar at the University of Maryland. 
List of Women Leaders Past and Present: This site is of women is very comprehensive. Check-out the well-known (Thatcher, Tansu Ciller, Simone Veil) and the lesser-known women who have shaped world history and events. 
The 100 Most Powerful Women in the World as determined by Australian Magazine. 

Attorney General Janet Reno's Homepage 
"Woman Chosen as Attorney General" Washington Post article by Ruth Marcus. 
"Janet to Republicans: Stick-it!" 
Janet Reno: Never Better 
Reno has Parkinsons 
"Thompson to Reno: I Demand a Scandal" 

The Gender Gap written by the CAWP 
Sex Differences in Voter Turnout by the CAWP 
The League of Women Voters 
"Quotas Not the Solution": This is a press release of an Australian electoral reform group criticizing the Australian Labor Party's decision to adopt quotas for female parliamentarians. 
Professor Wilma Rule and Stephen Hill's "Ain't I a Voter? Voting Rights for Women" (an earlier version of this article appeared in Ms. Magazine 

AVIVA's Global Gallery: AVIVA is an international Women's Listing Magazine which posts the news and events of women around the world. The Global Gallery is wonderful. It has region subheadings (listed below) which give lists of meetings and events for women's activism, but also (and this is the reason I love it so much) it lists news events (government actions, etc.) that effect women in each of the regions of the world. AVIVA is a "football free zone." 

AVIVA's Asia Listing 
The Governing Ideology and Women of North Korea by Feminet Korea 
Media Watch This is a source of news events related to sex trafficking in Asia. This is part of the Global Reproductive Health Forum 

AVIVA's Australiasia Listing 
Arrow: Asia Pacific Resource & Research Center for Women (Enabling Women to Better Define and Control Their Lives). 

AVIVA's Middle East Listing 
Woman's Place in Iran and Islam (an interview by the Woodrow Wilson Center with Haleh Esfandiari. 

AVIVA's Africa listing 
Solid Africa (An organization devoted to supporting "the economic empowerment of women in areas of socio-economic crisis and hardship. It supports women who have already started their businesses by enhancing their access to credits, funds, technologies, marketing, management and training."~From Solid Africa's "Mission Statement"). 

AVIVA'Europe Listing 
The Position of Women in Norway: read about the demands of the Norwegian women's movement (not for equality, but something else) and the public culture surrounding gender that has developed (See, for example, the notes about paternity leave). 

AVIVA's North America Listing 
Canadian Ministry of Women's Equality 

AVIVA's South America Listing 

International Assocation for Feminist Economics 
Women and the World Economy a special issue of the Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies (Fall 1996). 

Sexual Harassment: Myths and Realities: Start here. This page maintained by the American Psychological Association is excellent. 
NOW's "Woman-Friendly" Workplace Campaign 
Speak-Out NOW's Woman-Friendly Forum for telling your story. Don't believe sexual discrimination and harassment are really a problem today? Check-out some of these women's stories. 
Jones v. Clinton Tracked by NOW. 
The Glass Ceiling: This cite created by a former recruiter tracks discrimination cases. 
The Three Levels of Glass Ceiling One article under the "Mapping the Glass Ceiling" Link. 
"A Ton of Feathers" on the cumulative effect of "small" acts of sexism.